ARDMS Ultrasound Physics & Instrumentation Practice Exam

What is the primary effect of increased attenuation on image quality in ultrasound?

1. Improved contrast

2. Loss of detail

3. Reduction in noise

4. Increased resolution

The correct answer is: Loss of detail

Increased attenuation in ultrasound refers to the loss of energy as the sound waves travel through the tissues. This phenomenon affects image quality primarily by diminishing the strength of the returning echoes, which can lead to a loss of detail in the image. As sound travels deeper into the tissue, various factors such as absorption, scattering, and reflection contribute to attenuation. Consequently, if attenuation is significant, the echoes that reach the transducer may be too weak to produce a clear and detailed image. This results in reduced visibility of structures, making it more challenging to differentiate between anatomical features or detect pathology. The other choices, while they may reflect certain outcomes in ultrasound imaging under different circumstances, do not accurately represent the main consequence of increased attenuation. Improved contrast would suggest that the visualization of different tissue types becomes clearer, whereas increased resolution implies a higher ability to discern fine details. Reduction in noise suggests an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio, which is not inherently improved with increased attenuation. Therefore, the primary effect of increased attenuation is indeed the loss of detail, which directly affects the diagnostic utility of the ultrasound images.